nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics.
Identifieur interne : 000074 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000073; suivant : 000075nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics.
Auteurs : Md Tanvir Kabir [Bangladesh] ; Md Sahab Uddin [Bangladesh] ; Md Farhad Hossain [Bangladesh, Corée du Sud] ; Jawaher A. Abdulhakim [Arabie saoudite] ; Md Asraful Alam [République populaire de Chine] ; Ghulam Md Ashraf [Arabie saoudite] ; Simona G. Bungau [Roumanie] ; May N. Bin-Jumah [Arabie saoudite] ; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim [Arabie saoudite, Égypte] ; Lotfi Aleya [France]Source :
- Frontiers in cell and developmental biology [ 2296-634X ] ; 2020.
Abstract
In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related epidemic was first observed in Wuhan, China. In 2020, owing to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus, this widespread novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic. Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. Unfortunately, still, there is no specific drug that has been validated in large-scale studies to treat patients with confirmed nCOVID-19. However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug. Currently, a large-scale study on remdesivir (i.e., 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once/day) is ongoing to evaluate its clinical efficacy to treat nCOVID-19. Good antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not observed with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Nonetheless, the combination of umifenovir and LPV/r was found to have better antiviral activity. Furthermore, a combination of hydroxychloroquine (i.e., 200 mg 3 times/day) and azithromycin (i.e., 500 mg on first day, then 250 mg/day from day 2-5) also exhibited good activity. Currently, there are also ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this article, we have analyzed the genetic diversity and molecular pathogenesis of nCOVID-19. We also present possible therapeutic options for nCOVID-19 patients.
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00616
PubMed: 32754599
PubMed Central: PMC7365855
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, Bangladesh, Corée du Sud, France, Roumanie, République populaire de Chine, Égypte
- Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Franche-Comté
- Besançon
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Bungau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oradea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bin Jumah, May N" sort="Bin Jumah, May N" uniqKey="Bin Jumah M" first="May N" last="Bin-Jumah">May N. Bin-Jumah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdel Daim, Mohamed M" sort="Abdel Daim, Mohamed M" uniqKey="Abdel Daim M" first="Mohamed M" last="Abdel-Daim">Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ismailia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aleya, Lotfi" sort="Aleya, Lotfi" uniqKey="Aleya L" first="Lotfi" last="Aleya">Lotfi Aleya</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</region><region type="old region">Franche-Comté</region><settlement type="city">Besançon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32754599</idno><idno type="pmid">32754599</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fcell.2020.00616</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7365855</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000721</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000721</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000721</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000721</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000721</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics.</title><author><name sortKey="Kabir, Md Tanvir" sort="Kabir, Md Tanvir" uniqKey="Kabir M" first="Md Tanvir" last="Kabir">Md Tanvir Kabir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uddin, Md Sahab" sort="Uddin, Md Sahab" uniqKey="Uddin M" first="Md Sahab" last="Uddin">Md Sahab Uddin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hossain, Md Farhad" sort="Hossain, Md Farhad" uniqKey="Hossain M" first="Md Farhad" last="Hossain">Md Farhad Hossain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gimhae</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulhakim, Jawaher A" sort="Abdulhakim, Jawaher A" uniqKey="Abdulhakim J" first="Jawaher A" last="Abdulhakim">Jawaher A. Abdulhakim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yanbu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alam, Md Asraful" sort="Alam, Md Asraful" uniqKey="Alam M" first="Md Asraful" last="Alam">Md Asraful Alam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zhengzhou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ashraf, Ghulam Md" sort="Ashraf, Ghulam Md" uniqKey="Ashraf G" first="Ghulam Md" last="Ashraf">Ghulam Md Ashraf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bungau, Simona G" sort="Bungau, Simona G" uniqKey="Bungau S" first="Simona G" last="Bungau">Simona G. Bungau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oradea</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bin Jumah, May N" sort="Bin Jumah, May N" uniqKey="Bin Jumah M" first="May N" last="Bin-Jumah">May N. Bin-Jumah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdel Daim, Mohamed M" sort="Abdel Daim, Mohamed M" uniqKey="Abdel Daim M" first="Mohamed M" last="Abdel-Daim">Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ismailia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aleya, Lotfi" sort="Aleya, Lotfi" uniqKey="Aleya L" first="Lotfi" last="Aleya">Lotfi Aleya</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</region><region type="old region">Franche-Comté</region><settlement type="city">Besançon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in cell and developmental biology</title><idno type="ISSN">2296-634X</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related epidemic was first observed in Wuhan, China. In 2020, owing to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus, this widespread novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic. Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. Unfortunately, still, there is no specific drug that has been validated in large-scale studies to treat patients with confirmed nCOVID-19. However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug. Currently, a large-scale study on remdesivir (i.e., 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once/day) is ongoing to evaluate its clinical efficacy to treat nCOVID-19. Good antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not observed with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Nonetheless, the combination of umifenovir and LPV/r was found to have better antiviral activity. Furthermore, a combination of hydroxychloroquine (i.e., 200 mg 3 times/day) and azithromycin (i.e., 500 mg on first day, then 250 mg/day from day 2-5) also exhibited good activity. Currently, there are also ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this article, we have analyzed the genetic diversity and molecular pathogenesis of nCOVID-19. We also present possible therapeutic options for nCOVID-19 patients.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32754599</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>06</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2296-634X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>8</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in cell and developmental biology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Cell Dev Biol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>616</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fcell.2020.00616</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related epidemic was first observed in Wuhan, China. In 2020, owing to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus, this widespread novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic. Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. Unfortunately, still, there is no specific drug that has been validated in large-scale studies to treat patients with confirmed nCOVID-19. However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug. Currently, a large-scale study on remdesivir (i.e., 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once/day) is ongoing to evaluate its clinical efficacy to treat nCOVID-19. Good antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not observed with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Nonetheless, the combination of umifenovir and LPV/r was found to have better antiviral activity. Furthermore, a combination of hydroxychloroquine (i.e., 200 mg 3 times/day) and azithromycin (i.e., 500 mg on first day, then 250 mg/day from day 2-5) also exhibited good activity. Currently, there are also ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this article, we have analyzed the genetic diversity and molecular pathogenesis of nCOVID-19. We also present possible therapeutic options for nCOVID-19 patients.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Kabir, Uddin, Hossain, Abdulhakim, Alam, Ashraf, Bungau, Bin-Jumah, Abdel-Daim and Aleya.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kabir</LastName><ForeName>Md Tanvir</ForeName><Initials>MT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uddin</LastName><ForeName>Md Sahab</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hossain</LastName><ForeName>Md Farhad</ForeName><Initials>MF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdulhakim</LastName><ForeName>Jawaher A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alam</LastName><ForeName>Md Asraful</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ashraf</LastName><ForeName>Ghulam Md</ForeName><Initials>GM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bungau</LastName><ForeName>Simona G</ForeName><Initials>SG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bin-Jumah</LastName><ForeName>May N</ForeName><Initials>MN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdel-Daim</LastName><ForeName>Mohamed M</ForeName><Initials>MM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aleya</LastName><ForeName>Lotfi</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Cell Dev Biol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101630250</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2296-634X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword 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Abdulhakim</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abdel Daim, Mohamed M" sort="Abdel Daim, Mohamed M" uniqKey="Abdel Daim M" first="Mohamed M" last="Abdel-Daim">Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim</name><name sortKey="Ashraf, Ghulam Md" sort="Ashraf, Ghulam Md" uniqKey="Ashraf G" first="Ghulam Md" last="Ashraf">Ghulam Md Ashraf</name><name sortKey="Ashraf, Ghulam Md" sort="Ashraf, Ghulam Md" uniqKey="Ashraf G" first="Ghulam Md" last="Ashraf">Ghulam Md Ashraf</name><name sortKey="Bin Jumah, May N" sort="Bin Jumah, May N" uniqKey="Bin Jumah M" first="May N" last="Bin-Jumah">May N. Bin-Jumah</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alam, Md Asraful" sort="Alam, Md Asraful" uniqKey="Alam M" first="Md Asraful" last="Alam">Md Asraful Alam</name></noRegion></country><country name="Roumanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bungau, Simona G" sort="Bungau, Simona G" uniqKey="Bungau S" first="Simona G" last="Bungau">Simona G. 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